Here's What Your Resting Heart Rate Can Really Tell You About Your Heart Health
There’s no shortage of wearables that can tell you how many steps you’ve taken, the number of times you’ve exercised this week and even how much REM sleep you got last night. But there’s one metric that can tell you a lot about your health that you don’t need any fancy accessories for at all: your resting heart rate.
Resting heart rate is just what it sounds like: the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are at rest. For healthy adults, a normal resting heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. To measure your heart rate, simply place two fingers on your neck, next to your windpipe, and keep track of how many times your heart beats in one minute.
According to cardiologists, there is an important lesson you can learn about your heart health once you know what your resting heart rate is.
Related: What is HCM? Shining a Light on the Most Commonly Inherited Heart Disease
What Resting Heart Rate Can Tell You About Your Cardiovascular Health
Measuring your resting heart rate is a simple way of knowing how well your heart is functioning. Triple-board certified cardiologist Dr. Ernst von Schwarz MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FSCAI, who is a clinical professor of medicine at UCLA, explains that the heart is a muscle and its job is to pump blood throughout the body. How well it’s able to do this depends on its ability to contract (or beat). The number of times it beats determines how much blood it’s able to pump.
Dr. von Schwarz says that if the heart becomes weak, the heart beats faster to make up for weak heart contractions in an effort to pump out the same amount of blood. “Changes in heart rate can represent an underlying cardiac problem, [or] other problems, such as an infection or thyroid issue,” he says.
Related: Your Live-Well Guide to Maintaining Heart Health and Preventing Heart Disease
In general, cardiologist and Enabled Healthcare founder Dr. Bethany Doran, MD, MPH, says that most athletes tend to have a resting heart rate on the low end of the 60 beats to 100 beats per minute spectrum. “This is often related to the exercise they do which trains their heart to be more efficient at pumping blood while they are exercising, so that when they are resting they can also get more blood to their bodies with fewer heartbeats,” she says, adding that this is typically a positive attribute.
Both cardiologists say that there are many reasons why someone may have a high resting heart rate—and not all of them are worrisome. For example, Dr. von Schwarz says it could mean that someone just drank a cup of coffee or an energy drink as stimulants can increase heart rate. He says that being in pain or taking medications such as thyroid medication or appetite suppressants may also raise heart rate. (Illegal drugs, such as cocaine, can too.)
Then come the reasons for a high resting heart rate that are a bit more eyebrow-raising. According to the cardiologists, these include experiencing anxiety or fear, hyperthyroidism, being dehydrated or experiencing a heat stroke, having a fever, not getting enough oxygen, cardiac abnormalities or heart failure.
Wondering if a low resting heart rate is problematic? Dr. Doran says that a heart rate of 50 beats per minute that isn’t accompanied by other symptoms is not something to typically be worried about, but if someone is elderly, has a low heart rate, and is experiencing shortness of breath or dizziness, they should see a healthcare provider for immediate care.
Related: Make These 7 Lifestyle Habits for a Healthier Heart
What To Do if Your Resting Heart Rate Is Consistently Too High
If your resting heart rate is occasionally higher than the normal range, Dr. Doran says it isn’t something to worry about. But if your resting heart rate is consistently higher than the normal range, it’s important to see a doctor because, particularly for older adults, Dr. Doran says that this could be a sign of arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation.
Generally, atrial fibrillation is not life-threatening, but it can be uncomfortable and often does require treatment because it increases the risk of blood clots. Dr. Doran also recommends that people with a consistently high resting heart rate get an EKG to make sure there is nothing wrong with the heart itself.
In terms of actually lowering your resting heart rate, Dr. von Schwarz says that this comes down to pinpointing the underlying cause. Are you drinking a lot of coffee or energy drinks? Are you overly anxious, living in a constant state of fight or flight? It’s important to know why your resting heart rate is high before knowing what to do about it.
No matter what your resting heart rate is, something everyone can do to support their cardiovascular health is getting regular exercise. The American Heart Association recommends getting 150 minutes (or 2.5 hours) of heart-pumping physical activity a week in order to support your heart.
When you purposely engage in activities that get your heart rate up, you're doing something that will help your heart rest easy—and that means you can rest easy too.
Next up, find out what the ideal bedtime is if you want to keep your heart healthy.
Sources
Dr. Ernst von Schwarz MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FSCAI, triple-board certified cardiologist and clinical professor of medicine at UCLA
Dr. Bethany Doran, MD, MPH, cardiologist and founder of Enabled Healthcare