Plants for covering walls: 12 ways to conceal boundaries
Beautiful plants for covering walls
With the right plants for covering walls, it’s easy to brighten up a bland wall or conceal an unsightly boundary. Dense evergreen climbers or deciduous choices that retain good structure over winter are ideal. As well as hiding the wall you don’t want to see, they will make the garden seem bigger by concealing the boundary with a leafy or twiggy curtain.
If you love wildlife, these substantial climbers are one of the best things to plant in the garden. The wall of leafy greenery provides birds with shelter and nesting sites, in turn filling your backyard with song. And many – including ivy – also offer birds berries, as well as producing a rich supply of nectar for pollinators (such as bees) when they flower.
Get one of these gorgeous climbers in the ground and look forward to it coating your retaining walls with a verdant curtain that will be alive with birdsong in no time.
There are plants for covering walls that cling to walls themselves (such as hydrangea), as well as those that like something to twine around (for example, clematis), and some that require you to tie them in (for instance, roses).
Aside from pruning to keep them neat and healthy, they are mostly easy fuss-free plants to grow, and the wildlife benefits they deliver are fabulous.
By Teresa Conway
1. Star jasmine
Hardiness: USDA 8-10 (UK H4)
Height: 10-20ft (3-6m)
Spread: 20-30ft (6-10m)
Best for: Urban elegance
To create a smart wall of glossy evergreen leaves, star jasmine is a superb choice. In summer, starry cream flowers fill the air with a tea scent, and in winter the leaves take on red tints.
Trachelospermum jasminoides requires a sheltered garden wall and a mild climate. T. asiaticum is similar, but hardier, less vigorous, and more richly scented.
Being twining climbers, they require a frame of trellis, or wires to climb. Plant in fertile, well-drained soil and water regularly in hot weather until established.
2. Ivy
Hardiness: USDA 6-9 (UK H5)
Height: 20ft (6m)
Spread: 20ft (6m)
Best for: Birds
For easy evergreen coverage, ivy is one of the best plants for garden walls. Self-clinging, it doesn’t require any frame to clamber up, and it offers shelter and berries for birds, as well as nectar for bees.
In the northern hemisphere, they are one of the top plants for north-facing walls and are best in the cool semi-shade of a north or east-facing wall, where they grow lush and glossy.
Persian ivies (such as ‘Sulphur Heart’) have attractive big leaves, as does Canary Island ivy (Hedera canariensis). Some species (including H. helix and H. canariensis) are considered invasive plants in the US, so check what is advised in your area. Plant in well-drained neutral to alkaline soil.
3. Sausage vine
Hardiness: USDA 8-11 (UK H4)
Height: 20ft (6m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Spring flowers
Holboellia latifolia (syn. Stauntonia latifolia) doesn’t have the most elegant of names – broad-leaved sausage vine – but it’s a superb evergreen climbing plant. The substantial, dense, glossy green leaves are paired with mauve, red-purple, or cream-lime spring flowers that smell of melon and jasmine, and edible sausage-shaped purple fall fruit.
Plant in fertile, retentive, well-drained soil against a sheltered wall in sun. In cold areas, it is only semi-evergreen. Prune after flowering to keep its vigor in check.
4. Hydrangea
Hardiness: USDA 8-10 (UK H5)
Height: 20-40ft (6-12m)
Spread: 6-10ft (2-3m)
Best for: Semi-shade
Pileostegia viburnoides will clothe a wall in semi-shade with glossy evergreen leaves and fleecy ivory flowers whose nectar makes them great plants for pollinators in late summer and early fall.
Other self-clinging climbing hydrangeas to consider for a wall in semi-shade include Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris, which has huge lacy flowerheads during summer; it is hardy, but deciduous. H. seemannii is evergreen, but requires a sheltered wall in a mild area. They are all slow to establish, but live for years and are well worth the wait.
5. True jasmine
Hardiness: USDA 7-10 (UK H5)
Height: 10-40ft (3-12m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Scent
For romantics, this ancient climber beats fashionable star jasmine hands down: the heart-stopping scent of the starry white flowers hangs in the air on summer nights, and it is no surprise that it’s used by the perfume industry. In mild areas, it is evergreen and vigorous.
Jasminum officinale ‘Devon Cream’ has buttermilk flowers; J. officinale f. affine has large pink-tinted white blooms. Grow jasmine in well-drained soil against a sheltered sunny backyard wall or front garden wall. Avoid hard pruning if possible. In cold areas, protect the base with horticultural fleece in winter.
6. Firethorn
Hardiness: USDA 6-9 (UK H6)
Height: 10ft (3m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Fall
Pyracantha is fantastic evergreen shrub for growing against walls and one of the best plants for wildlife gardens. It provides birds with shelter, as well as food when it is a mass of berries in fall; and it offers bees nectar-rich ivory blossom during early summer
Saphyr Orange has blazing-orange berries and Saphyr Rouge has red berries. Plant against a wall in sun or semi-shade in well-drained, fertile soil. Prune after flowering and wear gloves and long sleeves because the thorny stems are very sharp!
7. Winter jasmine
Hardiness: USDA 6-9 (UK H5)
Height: 10ft (3m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Winter color
Jasminum nudiflorum is a deciduous shrub with long, arching green stems that look great trained over a wall. From winter to early spring, it is covered in bright yellow flowers; unlike the flowers of true jasmine, they are not scented, but they inject much-needed cheer and color under the bleak grey winter sky.
Allow it to tumble in a waterfall over the top of a wall or clip it (after flowering) against a wall, facade, or porch. It is happiest in fertile, well-drained soil in sheltered sun or semi-shade.
8. Mountain clematis
Hardiness: USDA 6-9 (UK H5)
Height: 12-30ft (3.5-9m)
Spread: 3-20ft (1-6m)
Best for: Cottage gardens
Clematis montana is a gorgeous, vigorous climber that fills the air with a vanilla-clove scent when its pink or white flowers bloom in early summer. It is deciduous, but when the bronze leaves fall, they reveal a dense, twiggy frame that will still cover the wall.
‘Mayleen’ (blush pink) is enormous; ‘Miss Christine’ (white) is big; and ‘Van Gogh’ (cherry pink) is less vigorous.
For best results with how to grow clematis, plant them in well-drained, fertile soil in sun or semi-shade, but ensure the roots are shaded (for example by a shrub). Prune clematis after flowering.
9. Passion flower
Hardiness: USDA 7 to 9 (UK H4)
Height: 33ft (10m)
Spread: 12ft (3.5m)
Best for: Exotic style
The fabulous blooms of passion flower are straight out of the jungle and make one of the best tropical plants. Their flowers are produced in abundance from early summer into fall. Evergreen in warm climates, it will easily clad a large wall if given a frame (such as wires or trellis) to twine itself to.
The hardiest, Passiflora caerulea, still benefits from a sunny, sheltered wall. It has white and purple blooms and orange egg-shaped fruit. ‘Amethyst’ is not as hardy and has pale-purple flowers. Plant in moist, well-drained soil.
10. Pineapple broom
Hardiness: USDA 7-10 (UK H5)
Height: 13-16ft (4-5m)
Spread: 10-13ft (3-4m)
Best for: Sun
A joyous wall shrub for a sunny wall, Argyrocytisus battandieri (syn. Cytisus battandieri) produces enormous bright-yellow flowerheads that smell deliciously of pineapple. These are borne in summer above attractive green-grey leaves.
The more compact variety 'Yellow Tail’ has flower cones that reach 6.6in (17cm) long and attract bees. Hailing from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, this drought-tolerant plant (which can be evergreen in mild areas) needs very well-drained soil and a sheltered sun-baked wall.
11. Camellia
Hardiness: USDA 6-10 (UK H5)
Height: 13ft (4m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Acid soil
Camellias are large shrubs with dark, glossy evergreen leaves and large red, pink, or white flowers in winter or spring. They live for a long time and some types of camellias can be grown as wall shrubs – especially C. x williamsii, which is hardier than most and flowers well from an early age.
‘J.C. Williams’ (soft-pink) and ‘E.T.R. Carlyon’ (white) are upright, spreading Williamsii varieties that bloom in spring. Grow camellias in well-drained, humus-rich acid soil against a sheltered wall in semi-shade. Prune lightly after flowering, if necessary.
12. Roses
Hardiness: USDA 5-9 (UK H5)
Height: 12ft (3.5m)
Spread: 10ft (3m)
Best for: Summer flowers
The romantic, buxom blooms of the best climbing roses fill the air with scent on summer days. There are vigorous forms for tall walls and less rampant varieties of plants for covering walls for lower garden boundaries. All are deciduous, but over time the stems can be trained into an attractive pattern for winter interest.
Étoile de Hollande’ (crimson-red) is a fabulous choice for a sunny wall, while ’Madame Alfred Carrière’ (pink-white) is perfect for a shadier spot. Provide trellis or wires to tie the rose to. Prune in mid-late winter to maintain health and flower power.
These beautiful plants for covering walls will inject color, texture and provide a valuable habitat and food for wildlife