State election officials tell Jan. 6 committee of pressure, threats from Trump and allies - recap

WASHINGTON – Tuesday's House hearings on the Capitol attack Jan. 6, 2021, focused on the pressure former President Donald Trump applied to state officials to overturn 2020 election results, including Trump’s infamous call to Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger.

Here's what happened today

• Who testified: Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, the office's chief operating officer Gabe Sterling, Arizona GOP House Speaker Rusty Bowers and Shaye Moss, a former election registration officer in Fulton County, Georgia.

• New evidence: British documentarian Alex Holder said Tuesday he provided the Jan. 6 committee with previously unreleased recordings of exclusive interviews with Trump, his children and former Vice President Mike Pence before the attack.

• Trump's pressure campaign: Tuesday’s hearing will include recordings of phone calls Trump made to state officials. When he made those calls, he already knew allegations of a stolen election were “nonsense,” Rep. Liz Cheney said.

• 'Dangerous and escalating campaign of pressure': Trump's efforts to pressure officials to stop the electoral vote count "targeted every tier of federal and state elected officials," Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., said at the hearing's start. "Anyone who got in the way of Donald Trump's continued hold on power after he lost the election was the subject of a dangerous and escalating campaign of pressure."

• Bowers denies calling election rigged: Arizona House Speaker Rusty Bowers, a Republican, disputed the recounting of a conversation he was said to have had with Trump in November 2020 about the election being rigged against him. "Anywhere, anyone, anytime has said that I said the election was rigged. That would not be true," Bowers said.

• No evidence: In questioning from Schiff, Bowers recalled Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani talking about election fraud: "We've got lots of theories, we just don't have the evidence." Bowers added, "I don't know if that was a gaffe or maybe he didn't think through what he said."

• Pressure continues: Bowers said U.S. Rep. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz. and chair of the conservative Freedom Caucus, asked "if I would sign on both to a letter that had been sent from my state and or that I would support the decertification of the electors." Bowers replied, "I said I would not."

• Fake electors scheme in Michigan: The committee learned through testimony that Michigan Republican fake electors planned to hide overnight in the Michigan Capitol so they could cast their votes in the statehouse chambers the next day.

• Debunking Georgia election conspiracy: Gabriel Sterling, of the Georgia Secretary of State's Office, told the committee that a video showing normal ballot counting at State Farm Arena in Atlanta was turned into a right-wing conspiracy theory that alleged election fraud in Georgia.

• No 'suitcase of ballots': Senior Justice Department officials repeatedly told Trump that allegations about fraud in Georgia were false. Deputy Attorney General Richard Donahue recalled in testimony how he told Trump in a phone call that what was described as a suitcase under a table was a wheeled bin that carries ballots.

• Investigating voter fraud allegations: Raffensperger said every allegation of voter fraud was checked and said there was no way he could have lawfully changed the state's election result. "No, the numbers are the numbers. The numbers don't lie."

• Facing down threats: Raffensperger said some of Trump's followers "started going after" his wife and others broke into his daughter-in-law's home. Nonetheless, he didn't quit his job, "because I knew that we did follow the law, we followed the Constitution. I think sometimes moments require you to stand up and just take the shots. You're doing your job. That's all we did."

• Threats against election workers: Shaye Moss, an election worker in Fulton County, Georgia, became a target of false allegations and threats by former President Trump and others. On Facebook, she received threats, including racist ones. "A lot of them are just hateful," she said.

• Disinformation upends election worker's life: Asked by Schiff how the experience of being "targeted by the former president and his allies" has affected her life, Moss said, "It has turned my life upside down." She said she doesn't go "anywhere at all."

• 'Nowhere I feel safe': Ruby Freeman, a former election worker and mother to election worker Shaye Moss, also received threats and left her home for two months on the FBI's advice. “There is nowhere I feel safe,” Freeman said. “Nowhere."

• Pleading the Fifth: To date, 30 witnesses to the Jan. 6 committee have invoked their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, Cheney said in her closing statement.

• Next session: The Jan. 6 committee will reconvene at 3 p.m. Thursday for its fifth hearing.

What evidence does the Jan. 6 committee have?: Is the Jan. 6 committee sitting on explosive evidence of Trump's role in the Capitol assault?

Mother and daughter deliver emotional testimony

Moss was visibly emotional and looked nervous to be testifying in front of the national audience as photographers took her photo during her remarks, bouncing her leg and wringing her hands beneath the table.

Freeman sat behind her daughter as she testified, dabbing her eyes with a tissue while video of her own prerecorded testimony played.

-- Dylan Wells

'Do you know it feels to have the president of the United States target you,' witness says

Freeman says she no longer feels safe

In an impassioned plea, the Fulton County small business owner and 2020 election worker told the committee how unsafe she felt after being targeted by Trump and Giuliani.

“There is nowhere I feel safe,” Freeman said. “Nowhere.

“Do you know it feels to have the president of the United States target you?” she asked. “The president of the United States is supposed to represent every American, not to target one. But he targeted me, Lady Ruby — a small business owner, a mother, a proud American citizen, who stood up to help Fulton County run an election in the middle of the pandemic.”

- Erin Mansfield

FBI warns Georgia election worker to leave home

The FBI told Freeman she was not safe in her home ahead of Jan. 6.

Freeman left and stayed away from her home for two months.

“It was horrible. I felt homeless,” she said. “I can’t believe this person has caused this much damage to me and my family to have to leave my home that I’ve lived there for 21 years.”

– Rachel Looker

Georgia elections worker: ‘I’ve lost my reputation’

Freeman, an elections worker in Georgia, described the emotional toll she endured after Trump and his supporters falsely accused her of rigging the election.

Freeman, a small business owner who went by the name of Lady Ruby, said during videotaped testimony that she stopped giving out her name in public because of threats she received from Trump supporters.

“I get nervous when I bump into someone I know in the grocery store,” she said. “… I get nervous when I have to give my name for food orders. I’m always concerned of who’s around me. I’ve lost my name, and I’ve lost my reputation.”

–Michael Collins

Trump attacked Georgia election worker 18 times in phone call with election officials

The committee detailed how Trump falsely accused Freeman of being an "election scammer" no less than 18 times in a phone call with state officials – nevermind a total lack of evidence, and a total distortion of a video.

Freeman's daughter detailed how those "lies" led to death threats against her family. Moss also broke down the false claims about a video showing the two women at work on election night in Fulton County.

To wit: Trump's attorney, Giuliani, claimed the video showed the two women exchanging a USB drive full of bogus votes.

It was not a USB port, Moss testified – it was a ginger mint.

- David Jackson

Trump targeting turned election worker’s 'life upside down.’

After being targeted by Trump and his allies for debunked claims of election fraud in Georgia, Moss says her life was turned “upside down.”

Moss told the committee she no longer gives out her business card and she doesn’t want “anyone knowing my name.” She also doesn’t go out anymore with her mom “because she might yell my name over the grocery aisle or something. I don't go to the grocery store at all.”

“I haven’t been anywhere at all. I gained about 60 pounds. I don’t do nothing anymore, I don’t want to go anywhere. I second guess everything that I do,” said Moss, almost tearing up. “It’s affected my life in a major way. Every way. All because of lies.”

- Kenneth Tran

Election worker describes threats from Trump supporters

Moss described the social media attacks she received after Trump’s allies circulated a video falsely accusing her of election fraud.

“There were just a lot of horrible things there,” Moss said. “Lot of threats, wishing death upon me, telling me I’ll be in jail with my mother.”

Moss, who worked in Fulton County, Ga., said she had never experienced anything like that in her more than ten years as an election worker.

- Maureen Groppe

Fulton County election official and her mother targeted with “nasty lies”

An election worker who helped process voter registrations, absentee ballot requests, and the votes “became the target of nasty lies spread by President Trump and his allies” in December 2020, Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., said in the hearing.

Moss worked in Fulton County’s Department of Registration and Elections from 2017 to 2022. Her mother, Ruby Freeman, also suffered from the disinformation campaign.

Thompson called the two women “unsung heroes” who keep democracy functioning.

- Erin Mansfield

Trump repeats fraud claims on Jan. 6

Trump continued to promote fraud allegations on Jan. 6, four days after Raffensperger told him the allegations were false.

Trump claimed that the Georgia secretary of state and the attorney general were lying. His claims included how Fulton County Republican poll watchers were ejected from the room after a water main burst and how election officials pulled suitcases of ballots out from under a table and illegally scanned them.

“Tens of thousands of votes. This act coincided with a mysterious vote dump of up to 100,000 votes for Joe Biden. Almost none for Trump. Oh, that sounds fair,” Trump said in a clip from his Jan. 6 speech, which was played during the hearing.

– Rachel Looker

Georgia election officials disprove “suitcase” conspiracy theory

Trump pushed a conspiracy theory in a phone call with Raffensperger that 18,000 ballots for Biden were delivered in a suitcase in Georgia, a baseless conspiracy that a Trump-appointed federal prosecutor later dismissed.

Gabriel Sterling, the chief operating officer in Raffensperger’s office, said his office had an observer in Fulton County who was present for the counting of about 8,900 votes from the time he showed up to the time he left, a number “way below 18,000.”

Additionally, Sterling said there would have been no physical way to know who each of those ballots were for, and said the “suitcases” in question were “standard ballot carriers that allow for seals to be put on so they’ll be tamper-proof.”

- Erin Mansfield

‘We didn’t have any votes to find,’ Raffensperger says

Raffensperger testified about a phone conversation in which Trump urged him to “find” votes to overturn his election loss.

But, “we didn’t have any votes to find,” Raffensperger said, adding that votes had been counted accurately and that the vote totals had been certified.

Raffensperger also disputed Trump’s claims that ballots had been shredded. “There was no shredding of ballots,” he said.

– Michael Collins

Raffensperger disputes thousands of votes cast by dead people

Raffensperger disputed former Trump’s claim that thousands of votes were cast in Georgia by dead people.

The state’s review found only four instances of votes cast in the name of people who were deceased, Raffensperger testified.

He also rejected Trump’s claim that a lot of votes were “dropped” late at night. Raffensperger said all ballots had to be accepted by 7 p.m.

- Maureen Groppe

Trump to Georgia investigator: ‘Whatever you can do’

Trump called Georgia Secretary of State investigator Frances Watson who was supervising the audit process in Georgia.

“Whatever you can do Frances, it would be, it’s a great thing. It’s an important thing for the country, so important. You have no idea, so important and I very much appreciate it,” Trump told Watson in a taped phone call played during the hearing.

Schiff said the select committee received text messages that found Mark Meadows wanted to send Georgia investigators “POTUS-stuff” including coins, autographed Make America Great Again hats and other items. White House staff intervened before items could be sent.

– Rachel Looker

Justice officials: Voter fraud allegations in Georgia were false

Attorney General Bill Barr and a top prosecutor in Georgia testified by video that allegations of election fraud in Georgia were false.

Barr said he told Trump that allegations of vote counters in Fulton County pulling ballots out of a suitcase and scanned them were untrue.

“We took a hard look at this ourselves,” Barr said. “And based on our review of it, including the review of key witnesses, the Fulton County allegations had no merit.”

Former Georgia U.S. Attorney BJay Pak, who resigned over Trump’s efforts to overturn the election, testified that he reviewed a videotape purportedly showing the fraud. “There was nothing there,” he said.

– Michael Collins

28,000 Georgia voters skipped POTUS race on ballot

Raffensperger disputed Trump's claim to Watson that he had won the election.

Asked by Schiff about the accuracy of the claim, Raffensperger said “No he did not.”

“What happened in fall of 2020 is that 28,000 Georgians skipped the presidential race and yet they voted downballot in other races.” Raffensperger said. “And the Republican congressman ended up getting 33,000 more votes than President Trump. And that’s why President Trump came up short.”

- Kenneth Tran

Trump told Georgia investigator she would “be praised” for calling election for him

In a call to Watson, Trump pressured Watson to investigate his false claims of voter fraud in Georgia and call the election in his favor.

Trump told Watson that he won by “hundreds of thousands of votes, it wasn’t even close,” and that the Georgia voters were angry that the election was correctly called for Biden.

“When the right answer comes out, you’ll be praised … because everyone knows it’s wrong, there’s no way,” Trump told Watson.

- Katherine Swartz

Georgia official: Answering Trump's lies was like a 'shovel trying to empty the ocean'

A Georgia election official told the committee how frustrating it was to answer Trump's repeated lies about alleged voter fraud in Georgia.

It was like "a shovel trying to empty the ocean," said Gabriel Sterling, chief operating officer for the Georgia secretary of state's office.

In speeches and social media, Trump kept claiming fraud in Georgia, even though GOP state officials repeatedly told him there was no credible evidence for his claims.

Sterling said millions of Trump's fans, including members of his own family, simply refused to believe that evidence: "Once you get past the heart, the facts don't matter as much."

- David Jackson

GA election official describes `normal ballot processing’

Sterling said actions by vote counters that became the basis for conspiracy theories were, in fact, “normal ballot processing.”

One of the most frustrating claims, Sterling testified, was about the “suitcases of ballots” that Trump allies said were pulled out from under a table after election monitors had been kicked out.

Sterling said that, in full view of election monitors, the vote counters had put uncounted ballots in tamper-proof containers because they had thought they were done for the night. They then were told to continue processing those ballots.

But the conspiracy theories, Sterling said, took on a life of their own.

- Maureen Groppe

Dominion staffer was threatened by QAnon supporters: Georgia official

Sterling said he made a public plea for Trump to stop inspiring people to commit acts of violence after he saw a young staffer for Dominion Voting Systems was being threatened online by QAnon supporters.

Sterling said he received a call from a “pretty unflappable” Dominion staffer who was “audibly shaken” by the threats against the staffer. Sterling said he saw the man’s name trending on Twitter along with a picture of a noose that said, “You committed treason. May God have mercy on your soul.”

Sterling said he lost his temper to the point he got red in the face. That inspired him to say to Trump via a press conference, “Stop inspiring people to commit potential acts of violence. Someone’s going to get hurt. Someone’s going to get shot. Someone’s going to get killed. And it’s not right.”

- Erin Mansfield

Members trapped in the chamber and officers injured on Jan. 6 in audience

Democratic Reps. Madeleine Dean of Pennsylvania and Veronica Escobar of Texas — both of whom were trapped in the gallery on Jan. 6 — are watching today's proceedings in the hearing room.

U.S. Capitol Police Officer Harry Dunn, D.C. Metropolitan Police Officer Daniel Hodges, U.S. Capitol Police Sgt. Aquilino Gonell, and D.C. Metropolitan Police Officer Michael Fanone are also watching in the room. The officers were charged with protecting the Capitol on Jan. 6 and have been attending the hearings.

House Chaplain Margaret G. Kibben is also present. Kibben was in her third day on the job on Jan. 6 and led a prayer in the chamber as members donned escape hoods.

- Dylan Wells and Chelsey Cox

Michigan official: GOP electors planned to hide in state Capitol

The committee played a video of testimony by a former Michigan Republican official who told of a plot by GOP electors planning to hide in the state Capitol.

Laura Cox, the former leader of Michigan’s Republican Party, recalled a conversation with a man who told her he was working with Trump’s re-election campaign.

“He told me that the Michigan Republican electors were planning to meet in the Capitol and hide overnight so that they could fulfill the role of casting their vote” in the Michigan legislative chambers, Cox said.

“I told him in no uncertain terms that that was insane and inappropriate,” Cox said.

– Michael Collins

Bowers describes influx of calls, emails and protesters at his home

Bowers said he received over 20,000 emails and tens of thousands of voicemails and texts following the 2020 election. The influx of emails and calls made it challenging for his office to work and communicate, he said.

“At home, up until recently, it is the new pattern or a pattern in our lives to worry what will happen on Saturdays because we have various groups come by,” Bowers said.

Bowers described how individuals visit his home playing videos and blaring loudspeakers claiming that he is corrupt and a pedophile.

– Rachel Looker

Bowers describes ‘disturbing’ protests outside his home

Bowers said protests outside his home continued until recently, with groups accusing him of pedophilia and perversion, and arguing with his neighbors. At least one protester brought a pistol, Bowers said.

“There was one gentleman who had the three bars on his chest and he had a pistol and was threatening my neighbor – not with the pistol, but just vocally,” Bowers said. “When I saw the gun, I knew I had to get close.”

Bowers said the "disturbing' protests upset his daughter, who was gravely ill, and his wife.

- Bart Jansen

Arizona fake electors were like ‘tragic parody’: Bowers

Bowers was not aware at the time when a group of fake electors cast electoral votes for Trump and sent them to Washington, D.C., for certification.

When he learned of the scheme, Bowers said he thought of the book “The Gang that Couldn’t Shoot Straight."

"And I just thought this is a tragic parody,” Bowers told the committee.

He read to the committee his personal journal he kept in December 2020, a month before the Capitol attack. “It is painful to have friends who have been such a help to me, turn on me with such rancor,” Bowers wrote. “I do not want to be a winner by cheating. I will not play with laws I swore allegiance to.”

- Kenneth Tran

Trump campaign lawyers backed away from alternate electors

As Trump’s legal challenges to the election repeatedly failed, Trump campaign lawyers no longer wanted to pursue alternate slates of electors, according to testimony the committee aired.

Justin Clark, one of the campaign lawyers, said he told others that convening electors in states Trump lost was not appropriate unless litigation was pending.

“I’m out,” Clark said he relayed.

Matt Morgan, another campaign lawyer, said he took his responsibility in the scheme “to zero.”

Cassidy Hutchinson — who was a top aide to Trump’s chief of staff, Mark Meadows — said she participated in a meeting during which the White House counsel’s office said the law did not support the plan for alternate electors. Meadows and Giuliani were also at that meeting, according to Hutchinson.

- Maureen Groppe

Sen. Ron Johnson attempted to give fake elector documents to Pence ahead of Jan. 6

Text messages obtained by the committee show that Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wisc., wanted to hand-deliver fake elector votes from Michigan and Wisconsin to Pence.

A staff member for Johnson sent a text message to an aide for Pence minutes before the beginning of the joint session, but Pence’s aide, Chris Hodgson, instructed Johnson’s aide to not give Pence the alternate slate of electors..

- Katherine Swartz

Trump aide: Staff members felt like 'useful idiots' and 'rubes' over fake elector scheme

The committee played video of a former Trump staff member talking about the anger he and others felt over the "fake elector" scheme that even campaign attorneys wouldn't stand behind.

"We were useful idiots – just rubes at this point," Robert Sinners told the committee.

Sinners also said that no Trump officials "really cared" if aides like him were putting themselves at legal risk.

- David Jackson

Freedom Caucus chairman also pushed Arizona House Speaker

Even after batting down requests from Trump’s inner circle to overturn the election, Bowers said he received a pressuring call from the then-chairman of the Freedom Caucus.

Rep. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz., called Bowers on Nov. 30 — the day Arizona was supposed to formally award the state’s electoral votes to Biden — to ask if Bowers would sign a letter from his state or support decertification of the official electors, Bowers testified Tuesday.

“I said I would not,” Bowers testified Tuesday.

- Erin Mansfield

Bowers to Eastman: 'No sir.'

Bowers described for the committee a Jan. 4, 2021, call with one of Trump’s lawyers where he refused to reject the state’s electors for Biden.

Bowers said the lawyer, John Eastman, suggested the legislature take the action and allow courts to sort out the dispute. But Bowers reacted incredulously and refused, telling Eastman it would violate his oath of office.

“You’re asking me to do something that’s never been done in history – the history of the United States –and I’m going to put my state through that without sufficient proof? And that’s going to be good enough with me, that I would put us through that, my state, that I swore to uphold both in Constitution and in law?” Bowers said. “No sir.”

- Bart Jansen

Arizona official on violating constitutional oath: ‘I will not do it’

Bowers cited his religious faith as one of the reasons he would not grant Giuliani’s request to remove Biden’s electors and replace them with electors for Trump.

Bowers said it is a tenet of his faith that the Constitution is divinely inspired. Bowers said he was concerned that Giuliani would ask him to violate his oath to uphold the Constitution without offering any “strong judicial quality evidence” of election fraud.

“For me to do that, because somebody just asked me to do it, is foreign to my being,” he said. “I will not do it.”

– Michael Collins

Members from QAnon, Proud Boys protest at state capitals

Schiff said the select committee uncovered evidence that individuals from groups like QAnon and the Proud Boys involved in the Jan. 6 attack participated in "stop the steal" protests at state capitals.

One of the protests took place at the Arizona House of Representatives building where protestors called for Bowers by name and stood outside the door armed with rifles. Protesters illegally entered the building and refused to leave, Schiff said.

One protester at the Arizona House building, “QAnon Shaman" Jacob Chansley, was sentenced to 41 months in prison after breaching the Capitol on Jan. 6.

– Rachel Looker 

Giuliani said he didn't have evidence of fraud, Bowers says

Giuliani wanted Arizona to hold an official hearing to certify Trump as the winner because he claimed over 200,000 undocumented individuals and 6,000 dead people had voted in the election, Bowers testified.

On multiple occasions, Bowers and other senators pushed Giuliani and other Trump attorneys for names of individuals and evidence of fraud, but Giuliani never provided evidence.

“We’ve got lots of theories, we just don’t have the evidence,” Giuliani told them.

“I don’t know if that was a gaffe or maybe he didn’t think through what he said, but both myself and others in my group and my counsel remembered that specifically and kind of laughed about it,” Bowers said.

- Katherine Swartz

Arizona Republican: Could not replace Biden electors with Trump electors

Bowers told the committee he adamantly told Trump and his aides that he could not ask his state legislature to simply award him electoral votes after Trump lost the the state's popular vote to Biden.

The idea of even considering it was "totally foreign" to him, Bowers testified, and he wouldn't have it.

Bowers said he told Trump's team: "You are asking me to do something that is counter to my oath," as well as "to the laws of the state of Arizona."

- David Jackson

Bowers: 'I didn’t want to be used as a pawn'

Bowers said he refused Giuliani’s request to hold a hearing on evidence of election fraud – evidence that Bowers said Giuliani never provided.

“I refused,” Bowers testified. “I didn’t want to be used as a pawn.”

Bowers said the “circus had been brewing” with lots of demonstrations about the election results “and I didn’t want to have that in the House.”

- Maureen Groppe

Arizona official says he asked Giuliani repeatedly for proof of fraud

Bowers said he asked Giuliani repeatedly for proof of election fraud but did not receive it.

Bowers said he was on the phone with Trump and Giuliani when Giuliani began listing off large numbers of people who voted but shouldn’t have — such as undocumented immigrants and dead people — when he asked, “Do you have their names?”

Bowers said Giuliani told him “yes” and that Trump told Giuliani to give him what he wanted. Bowers said he “never” received the information he asked for despite asking for the information “on multiple occasions.”

- Erin Mansfield

Bowers denies Trump statement election was ‘rigged’

Bowers opened his testimony by directly denying a claim Tuesday by former Trump that Bowers said the 2020 election was rigged.

Trump had issued a statement minutes before Bowers’ appearance saying the two had talked by phone in November 2020, saying Bowers called the election rigged. Bowers, who campaigned with Trump, confirmed having a conversation with Trump, but said parts the former president cited were untrue.

Bowers also denied Trump’s claim that he won Arizona instead of Biden. “That is also false,” Bowers said.

- Bart Jansen

PA House Speaker bombarded with calls from Trump lawyers

Pennsylvania House Speaker Bryan Cutler received daily voicemails from Trump’s lawyers in the last week of November.

“Hey Brian, it’s Rudy. I really have something important to call to your attention that I think changes things,”Giuliani said in a taped voicemail played during the hearing.

Cutler asked his lawyers to have Giuliani stop calling, but the calls continued. He said there were multiple protests at his house and district office following. His personal email, cell phone and home phone number were shared online.

“We had to disconnect our home phone for about three days because it would ring all hours of the night and fill up with messages,” Cutler said.

– Rachel Looker

Schiff: Trump’s pressure campaign incited “threats of violence and death.”

Schiff said Trump's intense pressure campaign against state election officials “brought angry phone calls, and texts, armed protests, intimidation, and all too often, threats of violence and death.”

The pressure campaign singled out specific elections officials and workers. The Jan. 6 committee played a video of pro-Trump protestors chanting “stop the steal” outside Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson’s house. Protesters called Benson a "tyrant" and a "felon."

Benson told the committee “The uncertainty of that was the fear. Are they coming with guns? Are they gonna attack my house? I’m in here with my kid, you know, I’m trying to put them to bed. And so that was the scariest moment, just not knowing what was going to happen.”

- Kenneth Tran

Trump used “escalating campaign of pressure” in battleground states: Schiff

In his opening remarks to the committee, Schiff spoke of the layers of pressure Trump put on election commissioners and state legislators in key states.

Trump began by pressuring states to stop the counting of votes on Election Day. Then he put more pressure on officials who refused to certify him as winner of states he lost. When state elected officials refused to go back into session to appoint Trump electors, Trump further “amped up the pressure, yet again” Schiff said.

“Anyone who got in the way of Trump’s continued hold on power after he lost the election was the subject of a dangerous and escalating campaign of pressure. This pressure campaign brought angry phone calls and texts, armed protests, intimidation, and all too often, threats of violence and death,” Schiff said.

- Katherine Swartz

Trump did not care about threats of violence, Cheney says

Cheney said former Trump did not care that his false allegations of election fraud were leading to threats of violence.

“Donald Trump did not care about the threats of violence,” Cheney said. “He did not condemn them. He made no effort to stop them. He went forward with his fake allegations anyway.”

Cheney urged viewers watching the hearings to focus on the evidence and not be distracted by politics. “This is serious,” she said. “We cannot let America become a nation of conspiracy theories and thug violence.”

– Michael Collins

Cheney: Justice Department should examine Trump's pressure on state officials

In her opening statement, Cheney, R-Wyo., said Trump's pressure on officials in Georgia, Arizona, and other states to reverse his election losses to Biden should be deplored by everybody – including Justice Department investigators.

"Each of these efforts to overturn the election is independently serious," Cheney said. "Each deserves attention both by Congress and by the Department of Justice."

The Justice Department is already prosecuting rioters who breached the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 – Cheney and other committee members clearly want prosecutors to include Trump himself in their investigation.

- David Jackson

Thompson says Trump’s lie “hasn’t gone away”

Trump’s false claims of election fraud continue to reverberate in contests held after the 2020 presidential campaign,Thompson said.

“The lie hasn’t gone away. It’s corrupting our democratic institutions,” Thompson said. “People who believe that lie are now seeking positions of public trust.”

He cited the recent primary election in New Mexico where a county commissioner refused to certify the results based on a “gut feeling” about the voting machines. That same commissioner is among those who pleaded guilty to illegally entering the Capitol on Jan. 6, Thompson said.

- Maureen Groppe

Trump “amplified” threats of violence, chairman says

Thompson said Trump not only knew state election officials would be threatened with violence for not overturning the election results in his favor, but that he amplified those threats.

“When they wouldn’t embrace the 'big lie' and substitute the will of the voters with Donald Trump’s will to remain in power,  Donald Trump worked to ensure they faced the consequences,” Thompson said, referring to state election officials.

“Threats to people’s livelihood and lives,” he said. “Threats of violence that Donald Trump knew about and amplified.”

- Erin Mansfield

Thompson: Trump pressure on states ‘part of the playbook’

Thompson, the committee chairman, opened Tuesday’s hearing by reciting evidence from previous hearings about Trump’s pressure on Vice President Mike Pence to overturn the 2020 election, but the scheme didn’t end there.

Thompson, D-Miss., said state officials from Georgia and Arizona would describe the pressure on them.

“In fact, pressuring public servants into betraying their oaths was a fundamental part of the playbook,” Thompson said. “A handful of election officials in key states stood between Donald Trump and the upending of American democracy.”

- Bart Jansen

Trump blasts Bowers before hearing testimony

Trump called Bowers a “Republican in name only” before the lawmaker is scheduled to testify Tuesday about Trump’s pressure to flip his state’s election results.

Bowers has said Trump and his lawyer, Giuliani, called to urge him to overturn his state’s electors for Biden and replace them with electors for Trump. But Trump said Bowers thanked him in November 2020 for getting him elected and that Trump won the election.

“During the conversation, he told me that the election was rigged and that I won Arizona,” Trump said in a statement. “He said he got more votes than I did which could never have happened.”

- Bart Jansen

British documentarian provides committee more video of Trump, Pence

A British documentarian said Tuesday he provided the House Jan. 6 committee with previously unreleased recordings of exclusive interviews with Trump, his children and former Vice President Mike Pence before and after the Capitol attack Jan. 6, 2021.

Alex Holder said in a tweeted statement he began the project in September 2020 and hadn’t expected the recordings to be subpoenaed. “We simply wanted to better understand who the Trumps were and what motivated them to hold onto power so desperately,” said Holder, who has a deposition with the committee scheduled Thursday.

The recordings are scheduled to be part of a three-part series to be released this summer called, “Unprecedented.”

– Bart Jansen

Donald Trump hits Kevin McCarthy over lack of Trump Republicans on Jan. 6 committee

Trump is now attacking House GOP leader Kevin McCarthy over the lack of pro-Trump Republicans in the Jan. 6 committee hearings on the Capitol attack.

"It was a bad decision not to have representation on that committee," Trump told conservative radio talk show host Wayne Allyn Root last week. "That was a very, very foolish decision because they try to pretend like they're legit, and only when you get into the inner workings, you say, 'What kind of a thing is this?'"

The committee does have two Republican members – Reps. Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger – and they are outspoken critics of Trump.

McCarthy – who is counting on Trump's support to become speaker of the House should Republicans win control of Congress in this year's elections – did propose other Republicans for Jan. 6 committee membership. But current House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., rejected GOP firebrands Jim Jordan and Jim Banks because they voted against the electoral vote count that elected Biden.

- David Jackson

What we learned at earlier hearings

• June 9 hearing: Committee members gave an overview of what they called former Trump's "sophisticated seven-part plan" to overturn the 2020 election. Capitol Police Officer Caroline Edwards described suffering a concussion and slipping in blood while battling rioters. British documentarian Nick Quested played video of a meeting between two leaders of far-right rights the night before the attack.

• June 13 hearing: The committee outlined how Trump's aides on the campaign and at the White House told him repeatedly he lost the 2020 election. Former Attorney General Bill Barr called the allegations of election fraud "completely bogus and silly" in videotaped testimony. A committee member, Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., called Trump raising $250 million after the election to fight election fraud "a big rip-off" because most of the money went to a campaign fund unrelated to the legal fight.

• Thursday: The hearing focused on Trump's pressure on Vice President Mike Pence to reject electors from key states and overturn the election for him. Retired federal judge Michael Luttig, who advised Pence, told the committee there was no constitutional basis for Trump's strategy. "None," Luttig said. Videotaped testimony from a series of Trump aides including his daughter, Ivanka Trump, described a Jan. 6 call between Trump and Pence as "heated" and said the president called his vice president a "wimp."

Trump vs. Pence in 2022 endorsements

Trump supported Republican candidates hoping to knock off Raffensperger and Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp, but both incumbents won.

The campaign became a proxy fight between Trump and former Vice President Mike Pence, who supported the incumbents.

But other Trump candidates, including Jim Marchant, who won the GOP nomination for Nevada secretary of state, have said they wouldn’t have certified 2020 election results that Biden won.

Who is Shaye Moss?

Wandrea' ArShaye "Shaye" Moss, who will testify at a panel by herself at the Jan. 6 committee hearing Tuesday, handled voter applications and absentee ballot requests in Fulton County, Georgia, and helped process the vote count on Election Day 2020.

After Trump and his supporters falsely accused Moss of processing fake ballots for Biden, Moss received so many death threats and racist taunts, she changed her appearance and went into hiding, according to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, which gave her a 2022 "Profile in Courage Award."

Bowers and the committee vice chair, Cheney, also received the award.

Remember Trump's 'find' votes call to Georgia?

A key event the committee is investigating is the Jan. 2, 2021, call from Trump urging Georgia Secretary of State Brian Raffensperger to “find” 11,780 votes for him to beat Biden in Georgia.

Trump insisted he couldn’t have lost the state, but Raffensperger told him what he was saying “was not true” during the call, which was recorded. Sterling publicly called Trump's claims false.

Thompson, the committee chairman, said Trump tried everything in his power to change the election results. "He tried to pressure state legislatures to reverse the results of the election in their states, but they refused," Thompson said.

What we know about today's hearing: Jan. 6 hearings resume Tuesday with a focus on Trump's pressure on state officials. What to expect.

Trump contends Georgia call was 'perfect'

Trump continued to maintain in a statement Sunday his call to Georgia officials was "appropriate." In a separate statement, he again called the investigation a hoax and a waste of time.

"My phone call to the Georgia Secretary of State, with many other people, including numerous lawyers, knowingly on the line, was absolutely PERFECT and appropriate," Trump said.

Jan. 6 committee hearing schedule: Here's what to expect about at upcoming Jan. 6 hearings

Why hear from Arizona House Speaker Rusty Bowers?

Testimony from the Arizona House Speaker, Rusty Bowers, is important because the state was one of seven key states that President Joe Biden won in 2020, but Trump and his allies tried to overturn.

Bowers said he got a call in late November 2020 from Trump and his lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, urging the lawmaker to submit an alternate set of electors. Bowers refused.

Another Trump lawyer, John Eastman, argued states could submit alternate slates of electors from the ones that were officially certified, so Vice President Mike Pence could reject their Biden electors, according to earlier testimony and court records. Assistant Attorney General Jeffrey Clark drafted a letter to six of the states urging legislative leaders to overturn their official results, according to court records.

"We'll show during the hearing what the president's role was in trying to get states to name alternate slates of electors, how that scheme depended initially on hopes that the legislators would reconvene and bless it," Schiff told CNN's "State of the Union" on Sunday.

What happened on Day 3: Trump called Pence a 'wimp' as VP resisted 'pressure campaign' to overturn election

Will Ginni Thomas testify?

The committee asked Virginia "Ginni" Thomas, the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, for an interview because of emails she sent Bowers and texts she sent former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows to fight the election results.

"We want to know what she knows, what her involvement was in this plot to overturn the election,"Schiff told CNN.

Ginni Thomas told the Daily Caller she is eager to testify and "can’t wait to clear up misconceptions.”

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Jan. 6 hearing: State election officials tell of pressure from Trump